Ruthin: The Story of the “Red Fortress”

Perched proudly on a red sandstone ridge overlooking the River Clwyd, the historic market town of Ruthin tells a story of rebellion, resilience, and centuries of Welsh heritage. While many know Conwy for its walls or Caernarfon for its scale, Ruthin—whose Welsh name, Rhuthun, means “red fortress”—offers a unique and layered journey into the heart of North Wales.

Beyond the imposing castle that gave the town its name, a tapestry of timber-framed treasures, solemn Victorian history, and vibrant community life awaits. If you’re ready to discover the stories tucked away in its charming streets, here are five historical gems you won’t want to miss.

1. A Fortress Born of Strategy and Rebellion

The town’s origins are deeply tied to its strategic position. The first castle was constructed in the late 13th century by Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother of Llywelyn the Last. After the Edwardian conquest, it was rebuilt and became the administrative centre for the powerful de Grey family. It was from here, in 1400, that Owain Glyndŵr launched his famous 14-year rebellion across Wales by attacking and burning the town.

2. A Market Town with Timber-Framed Heritage

Ruthin thrived as a market town centered on St Peter’s Square, which is still vibrant today. Its greatest treasure is Nantclwyd y Dre, believed to be Wales’s oldest timber-framed townhouse, started in 1435. Continuously inhabited for centuries, it now showcases period rooms, beautiful gardens, and even bat-cameras in its historic attics.

3. Justice & Punishment: Ruthin Gaol

The Victorian era added another striking layer to the town’s history with the construction of Ruthin Gaol. A formidable example of a Pentonville-style prison, it is now a fascinating museum offering a sobering insight into 19th-century crime and punishment.

Annual Events in Ruthin

Ruthin’s history is alive with vibrant annual events that draw visitors and locals alike. Plan your trip around one of these fantastic festivals:

Ruthin International Arts Festival (June/July): A multi-week celebration featuring live performances, exhibitions, film, and poetry across various town venues.
Gŵyl Rhuthun Festival (July): A beloved community arts week that culminates in the popular “Top of Town” concert in St Peter’s Square.
Heritage Open Doors Weekend (September): A chance to get free access to many of the town’s historic buildings.
Food & Artisan Festivals: Throughout the year, look out for the Summer Artisan Market and the Food & Drink Festival, often held at Ruthin Gaol.

Why Visit Ruthin?

Whether you’re a history buff, a festival-goer, or simply looking for a charming Welsh town to explore, Ruthin offers a unique experience.

Explore the castle ruins and the town’s medieval core on the heritage trail.
Wander through over 500 years of domestic history at Nantclwyd y Dre.
Delve into the fascinating world of Victorian-era justice at the Ruthin Gaol Museum.
Enjoy a fantastic calendar of annual festivals and markets celebrating arts, crafts, food, and music.

This article is part of our series on Welsh History & Culture. Do you have a photo of Ruthin you’d like to share? Get in touch!

Ruthin: The Story of the “Red Fortress”